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Algorand is a decentralized financial network and cryptocurrency platform. Designed for low environmental impact, its pure proof-of-stake (PPoS) consensus mechanism enables high transaction speeds and instant settlement, without sacrificing security or decentralization. Algorand nodes reach consensus about what should appear in the blockchain through this PPoS consensus based on a staking system (instead of a Proof of Work mining system like Bitcoin’s) to verify new transactions and produce new crypto tokens. The ALGO cryptocurrency is used to participate in transaction processing and network governance.

Avalanche is a blockchain platform for building decentralized applications (Dapps) and smart contracts. Its unique architecture features separate blockchains for token swaps, Dapps, and validators, which enables greater scalability.

Originally launched in 2016, Cosmos is one of the first proof-of-stake blockchains. It focuses on improving ease-of-use and compatibility between different blockchains. The ATOM native token is staked by validators in order to process transactions.

EOS is a unique blockchain platform and cryptocurrency that is designed for developers to build decentralized applications (DApps). To maintain its network, validators are rewarded with newly-issued EOS tokens, rather than receiving transaction fees. This means that the EOS network is essentially fee-free for participants and developers. EOS tokens are also used to vote on proposed upgrades to the network.

The Filecoin network is a decentralized peer-to-peer file storage network that is used to store and retrieve data. FIL is the currency of the Filecoin network. Think of it as traditional cloud storage but instead of having one provider, it is a network made up of many individual providers. Due to its distributed infrastructure, Filecoin is secure and more reliable than a traditional cloud storage solution. FIL tokens are used to pay for these services.

Internet Computer Protocol is a decentralized internet architecture running on a blockchain instead of traditional web servers. The ICP utility token is used to pay for computation power on the network, and is used in governance proposals.

Lido is a liquid staking solution for Ethereum that enables users to stake their ETH and participate in on-chain activities. It launched its staking app on December 19, 2020, and uses the LDO token for granting governance rights, managing fee parameters, and governing the addition and removal of node operators. The total LDO supply is 1 billion, with 0.9% currently in circulation. The Lido DAO, composed of various individuals and organizations with a track record of excellence in DeFi, created the LDO token with 64% locked for 1 year and the remainder distributed to early stakers and DAO treasury tokens.

NEAR Protocol, a community-run cloud computing platform and layer-one blockchain, attempts to eliminate blockchain restrictions such as limited throughput and poor compatibility to provide an environment for DApps. Nightshade, a form of sharding, offers concurrent transaction processing across many sharded chains, enabling up to 100,000 transactions per second and nearly zero transaction costs. Human-readable account names and modular components simplify onboarding for speedier project start-up in NEAR Protocol. Erik Trautman, Illia Polosukhin, Alexander Skidanov, and others created the NEAR Collective, which updates the ecosystem and original code. NEAR has corrected vulnerabilities on Aurora, its Ethereum sidechain, and launched a $800 million ecosystem fund and a JavaScript blockchain developer kit.

Optimism is a layer-two blockchain built on top of Ethereum that uses optimistic rollups to scale the Ethereum ecosystem. Optimism's key focus is on simplicity, pragmatism, sustainability, and optimism, and it aims to be a fully decentralized public good that is not profit-oriented. Optimism's design uses Ethereum's security and aims to keep its code simple, work with existing codebases, and implement features iteratively. Optimism is unique because it guarantees a smooth user experience while ensuring security through the Ethereum consensus mechanism, and transactions are immediately accepted or rejected, with finality being reached after a certain period.

Tezos (XTZ) uses a proof-of-stake protocol which creates strong incentives for users to actively participate in the development process. Tezos' consensus model permits the platform to upgrade rapidly without the risk of a 'hard fork'.

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